MontaukOS/kernel/src/Boot/Main.cpp

/*
    * main.cpp
    * Kernel entry point
    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer.
    * Further copyright information and third party notices can be found at https://montaukos.org/license.txt.
*/

#include <Fs/ProtectedPaths.hpp>
#include <Memory/UserRange.hpp>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstddef>
#include <Boot/Boot.hpp>
#include <Terminal/Terminal.hpp>
#include <Efi/UEFI.hpp>
#include <Common/Panic.hpp>
#include <Memory/Memmap.hpp>
#include <Memory/Heap.hpp>
#include <Memory/HHDM.hpp>
#include <Memory/PageFrameAllocator.hpp>
#include <Memory/Paging.hpp>
#include <ACPI/ACPI.hpp>
#include <ACPI/AcpiShutdown.hpp>
#include <ACPI/AcpiEvents.hpp>
#include <ACPI/EmbeddedController.hpp>
#include <ACPI/Battery.hpp>
#include <ACPI/AML/AmlParser.hpp>
#include <Pci/Pci.hpp>
#include <Timekeeping/Timer.hpp>
#include <Drivers/Init.hpp>
#include <Graphics/Framebuffer.hpp>
#include <Arch/Cpu.hpp>
#include <Arch/Platform.hpp>
#include <Fs/Boot.hpp>
#include <Sched/Scheduler.hpp>
#include <Ipc/Ipc.hpp>
#include <Api/Syscall.hpp>
#include <Arch/Smp.hpp>
using namespace Kt;

namespace Memory {
    HeapAllocator* g_heap;
    PageFrameAllocator* g_pfa;
    uint64_t HHDMBase;
};

KernelOutStream kout{};
KernelErrorStream kerr{};

// Extern declarations for global constructors array.
extern void (*__init_array[])();
extern void (*__init_array_end[])();

extern "C" uint64_t KernelStartSymbol;
extern "C" uint64_t KernelEndSymbol;

extern "C" void kmain() {
    // Call global constructors.
    for (std::size_t i = 0; &__init_array[i] != __init_array_end; i++) {
        __init_array[i]();
    }
    
    if (!montauk::boot::Initialize()) {
        Arch::HaltForever();
    }
    const montauk::boot::BootInfo& boot = montauk::boot::Info();
    const montauk::boot::Framebuffer& framebuffer = boot.framebuffer;

    Kt::Initialize(
        (uint32_t*)framebuffer.address,
        framebuffer.width,
        framebuffer.height,
        framebuffer.pitch,
        framebuffer.redMaskSize,
        framebuffer.redMaskShift,
        framebuffer.greenMaskSize,
        framebuffer.greenMaskShift,
        framebuffer.blueMaskSize,
        framebuffer.blueMaskShift
    );


    Arch::EarlyInitialize();

    Memory::HHDMBase = boot.hhdmBase;

    if (boot.memoryMap.regions == nullptr || boot.memoryMap.count == 0) {
        Panic("System memory map missing!", nullptr);
    }

    Kt::KernelLogStream(OK, "Mem") << "Creating PageFrameAllocator";
    Memory::PageFrameAllocator pmm(Memory::Scan(boot.memoryMap));
    Memory::g_pfa = &pmm;

    Kt::KernelLogStream(OK, "Mem") << "Creating HeapAllocator";
    Memory::HeapAllocator heap{};
    Memory::g_heap = &heap;

    heap.Walk();


    Arch::InitializeTraps();

    Memory::VMM::Paging g_paging{};
    Memory::VMM::g_paging = &g_paging;
    g_paging.Init((uint64_t)&KernelStartSymbol, ((uint64_t)&KernelEndSymbol - (uint64_t)&KernelStartSymbol), boot.memoryMap, framebuffer);

    Arch::InitializeMemoryAttributes();

    Graphics::Framebuffer::Initialize(framebuffer);
    Graphics::Framebuffer::MapWriteCombining();

    Hal::ACPI g_acpi((Hal::ACPI::XSDP*)Memory::HHDM(boot.rsdpPhysical));

    if (g_acpi.GetXSDT() != nullptr) {
        Hal::AcpiShutdown::Initialize(g_acpi.GetXSDT());

        // The EC is the transport behind battery (and most thermal) methods, so
        // it has to be latched before anything evaluates them.
        Hal::EmbeddedController::Initialize(g_acpi.GetXSDT());
        Hal::Battery::Initialize();

        // Interrupt controllers, this CPU's per-CPU data, idle and power
        // management.
        Arch::InitializeInterrupts(g_acpi.GetXSDT());

        Arch::EnableInterrupts();

        Hal::AcpiEvents::Initialize(g_acpi.GetXSDT());

        Pci::Initialize(g_acpi.GetXSDT());

        // _REG and _INI, once the EC and PCI config space (ECAM, for the
        // extended registers PCI_Config regions reach) are both available:
        // firmware settles which OS it is talking to here, and gates device
        // power control on the answer.
        Hal::AML::InitializeNamespaceObjects();

        Drivers::ProbeEarly();
        Drivers::InitializeGraphics();

        Timekeeping::TimerInitialize();

        Arch::InitializePlatformDevices();

        // Hybrid graphics: switch off a discrete GPU nothing drives before
        // the normal probe can claim its USB-C/audio functions.
        Drivers::PowerDownUnusedGpus();

        Drivers::ProbeNormal();
        Drivers::InitializeNetwork();
        Drivers::InitializeStorage();
        Drivers::InitializeAudio();
    }

    // UEFI runtime services are optional (absent on legacy-BIOS boots).
    if (boot.has(montauk::boot::FeatureEfiSystemTable)) {
        Efi::SystemTable* ST = (Efi::SystemTable*)Memory::HHDM(boot.efi.systemTablePhysical);
        Efi::Init(ST, boot.efi);
    }

    Fs::InitializeBootFilesystems(boot.modules);

    Arch::PrepareUserMode();

    montauk::abi::InitializeSyscalls();

    Sched::Initialize();
    Memory::InitUserRange();
    Fs::LogProtectedPaths();
    Ipc::Initialize();

    Smp::BootAPs(boot.smp);

    Arch::LateInitialize();

    Kt::SuppressKernelLog();
    Sched::Spawn("0:/os/init.elf");

    Timekeeping::EnableSchedulerTick();

    for (;;) {
        Timekeeping::IdleOnce();
    }
}